International Middle Bronze Age Conference

Vienna, 24th of January - 28th of January 2001

Seaborne pots and people: maritime mobility and ceramic distribution in the
MBA Levant and Egypt

Ezra Marcus, University of Haifa

Among the most salient features of the eastern Mediterranean Middle Bronze Age is the emergence of extensive networks of interaction (e.g., trade, emulation, influence, migration, etc.) that linked the peoples and polities of this region culturally, socially, and economically. While this interaction is widely evident in the textual, pictorial, and archaeological records, no artifact better illustrates the scope of the phenomenon than in the widespread distribution of select ceramic types. As often ceramics serve as a principal means for examining local and cross-cultural processes, and are the most common basis for the relative chronological synchronization of the region, consideration of the physical means of transport, its logistical characteristics, rhythm, and intensity is imperative. This paper treats the archaeological and historical evidence for maritime exchange and focuses on the relationship between maritime mobility and the movement of ceramics, potters, and the consumers and or users of these wares. Three ceramic cases are considered: Levantine Painted Ware, Middle Cypriot Wares, and the ubiquitous Canaanite jar. Variously, in terms of geographical range and quantities, these types demonstrate that maritime rather than terrestrial factors were of singular importance in their distribution patterns. These patterns underscore certain key socio-economic realities that molded the rise of urban culture in the Levant, the inclusion of Cyprus in the east Mediterranean economy, and, ultimately, the rise of the powerful Canaanite-Hyksos maritime kingdom.