International Middle Bronze Age Conference

Vienna, 24th of January - 28th of January 2001

Offering Practices in the Temple Court - A comparison between Tell el-Dab'a and Nahariya

Vera Müller, SCIEM2000, Vienna

In stratum F which belongs to the middle of the 13th Dynasty and which encompasses the transition between MB II A to MB II B, a new sacred precinct was established in Tell el-Dab'a (area A/II). The nucleus of this compound is constituted by temple III, a sacred building of Syro-Palestinian design that thus far belongs to the earliest temples with a MB layout in the southern Levant.

For quite a long time the temple court was used for the deposition of vessels used in the temple's cult. Several hearths or fire places reveal the custom of burning some of the offerings. Only towards the end of the Hyksos period a new habit was introduced - now the relics of cultic meals (animal bones as well as vessels) were thrown into huge pits surrounding a brick altar.

Some of the features found in Tell el-Dab'a are also known from the sanctuary in Nahariya on the Levantine Coast dating from the MB II A until the end of MB II B. On this site cultic relics were not only found in the temple's forecourt but also in the floors of the building itself. Like in Tell el-Dab'a some of the cultic relics show signs of burning and deliberate smashing. Interestingly, quite a lot of miniature vessels and small finds like beads and figurines were deposited as well.